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Genius (mythology) - Wikipedia. Winged genius facing a woman with a tambourine and mirror, from southern Italy, about 3. BC. In Roman religion, the genius (Latin: . The Greeks called their geniidaemons, and believed in them from the earliest times. The concept extended to some specifics: the genius of the theatre, of vineyards, and of festivals, which made performances successful, grapes grow, and celebrations succeed, respectively. It was extremely important in the Roman mind to propitiate the appropriate genii for the major undertakings and events of their lives. Specific genii. Genius applied most often to individual places or people not generally known; that is, to the smallest units of society and settlements, families and their homes.
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Houses, doors, gates, streets, districts, tribes, each one had its own genius. It featured a father, Jupiter , who was also the supreme divine unity, and a mother, Juno, queen of the gods. These supreme unities were subdivided into genii for each individual family; hence, the genius of each female, representing the female domestic reproductive power, was a Juno. The male function was a Jupiter.
For example, to protect infants one propitiated a number of deities concerned with birth and childrearing: Cuba (. A lararium was distinct from the penus (.
Each lararium features a panel fresco containing the same theme: two peripheral figures (Lares) attend on a central figure (family genius) or two figures (genius and Juno) who may or may not be at an altar. In the foreground is one or two serpents crawling toward the genius through a meadow motif. Campania and Calabria preserved an ancient practice of keeping a propitious house snake, here linked with the genius. Multiple events could therefore be attributed to the same and different divinities and a person could be the same as and different from his genius. They were not distinct, as the later guardian angels, and yet the Genius Augusti was not exactly the same as Augustus either. As a natural outcome of these beliefs, the pleasantness of a place, the strength of an oath, an ability of a person, were regarded as intrinsic to the object, and yet were all attributable to genius; hence all of the modern meanings of the word.
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This point of view is not attributable to any one civilization; its roots are lost in prehistory. The Etruscans had such beliefs at the beginning of history, but then so did the Greeks, the native Italics and many other peoples in the Near and Middle East.
Genii under the monarchy. For example, under Servius Tullius the triplets Horatii of Rome fought the triplets Curiatii of Alba Longa for the decision of the war that had arisen between the two communities.
In the battle, the three Curiatii were wounded, but two of the Horatii were killed. The last of the Horatii, Publius, turned as if to flee. The Curiatii chased him but, as a result of their wounds, became separated. This enabled Publius to slay them one by one. When the victorious Publius returned carrying the spoils of victory, his sister, who had been betrothed to one of the Curiatii, began to keen, breast- beat and berate Publius.
He executed her, was tried for murder, was acquitted by the Roman people but the king made him expiate the Juno of his sister and the Genius Curiatii, a family genius. Although the word is not used here, in later literature it is identified as one.
In recognition of the prodigy they voted that all banquets should include a libation to his genius. In concession to this sentiment he chose the name Augustus, capturing the numinous meaning of English .
Sorry, we don't have a definition for this word or name. It may be a proper noun, phrase, or a part of speech not covered by our dictionary. Perhaps you meant: genier grenier Search for gennifer at other dictionaries: OneLook, Oxford, American Heritage, Merriam.
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It was propitiated at every meal along with the other household numina. The Roman emperors gave ample evidence that they personally were neither immortal nor divine. If the genius of the imperator, or commander of all troops, was to be propitiated, so was that of all the units under his command. The provincial troops expanded the idea of the genii of state; for example, from Roman Britain have been found altars to the genii of Roma, Roman aeterna, Britannia, and to every legion, cohors, ala and centuria in Britain, as well as to the praetorium of every castra and even to the vexillae.
From Gallia Cisalpina under the empire are numerous dedications to the genii of persons of authority and respect; in addition to the emperor's genius principis, were the geniuses of patrons of freedmen, owners of slaves, patrons of guilds, philanthropists, officials, villages, other divinities, relatives and friends. Sometimes the dedication is combined with other words, such as . Stock phrases were abbreviated: GPR, genio populi Romani (. In 3. 92 AD with the final victory of Christianity Theodosius I declared the worship of the Genii, Lares and Penates to be treason, ending their official terms. House of Iulius Polybius, Pompeii Scene from Lararium, Pompeii Ancestral genius (upper centre) flanked by Lares, with serpent below. Lararium, House of the Vettii Pompeii Bacchus clad with grapes, and a serpentine Agathodaimon (.
Unknown Roman genius near Pompeii, 1st century BC Modern- era representations. Genius of Palermo, Ignazio Marabitti, c. Genius of Alexander, Marie Louise Elisabeth Vig. Meford, MA: Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved 1 July 2. The City of God against the Pagans. Varro says that a 'genius' is the rational soul of each man ..
Larousse World Mythology. The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited. Gray, Louis Herbert; Moore, George Foot, eds. The Mythology of All Races. Boston: Marshall Jones Company. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.
Little, Brown & Company, The Ancient Library. Browne, Ray Broadus, ed. Roman Domestic Religion: The Archaeology of Roman Popular Art.
Rituals and Ceremonies in Popular Culture. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green University Popular Press. Online Etymological Dictionary. Retrieved 2 July 2. A (g)natura was the thing with which one was .
The writers of the late Republic and empire viewed it in that way (see introduction). An alternative view is repeated by De Grummond, Nancy Thomson (2. Etruscan myth, sacred history, and legend. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. The name Genius belongs to a fertility spirit and means literally 'the begetter'.. Presumably, the meaning of family protective spirit would have been the original; however, without definitive connecting evidence the origin of the Roman genius remains speculative.
It was either male or female, performed any function, and was associated with anything, not just people.^Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Perseus Digital LIbrary. Retrieved 4 July 2. The Second Book of Livy. The imperial cult in the Latin West: studies in the ruler cult of the western provinces of the Roman Empire.
Leiden ; New York: E. J. London, Chicago: Methuen & Co. Ltd.; Lacus. Curtius, University of Chicago. The cults of Cisalpine Gaul as seen in the inscriptions.
Menasha Wisconsin: George Banta Publishing Company. Mahaffy, John Pentland, ed.
History of Rome and the Roman people. Boston: Dana Estes & Charles E. Medford: Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved 2 July 2. Lexicon Universae Rei Numariae Veterum et Praecipue Graecorum ac Romanorum. Medford: Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University.
Retrieved 2 July 2. Medford: Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved 1. 2 July 2.
Grecian and Roman mythology. Roman Ideas of Deity in the Last Century before the Christian Era - Lectures Delivered in Oxford for the Common University Fund. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 4.
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Little, Brown & Company, The Ancient Library. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Retrieved 3 July 2.
Retrieved 3 July 2.